过敏性鼻炎患者呼吸湿热空气会引起气道炎症和咳嗽
2014/06/17
摘要
我们研究了过敏性鼻炎(AR)患者对气道温度升高的呼吸道反应。比较AR患者(n=7)和健康受试者(n=6)对4分钟湿热空气(HA; 49°C)和正常室内空气(RA: 21°C)的过度通气反应（最大通气量的40%）。AR患者在HA刺激时咳嗽频率显著增加，HA刺激前0.10±0.07次/分，HA刺激过程中2.37±0.73次/分，HA刺激后的前8分钟1.80±0.79次/分，但在RA刺激时咳嗽频率无明显改变。相反，HA或RA对健康受试者的咳嗽无显著影响。手柄测力法发现HA刺激还会引起AR患者的呼吸道不适（主要是喉部刺激），但对健康受试者无影响。两组受试者在HA刺激后未出现支气管狭窄。总之，HA过度通气能引起AR患者强烈的咳嗽反应和喉部刺激，提示感觉神经参与上呼吸道的神经支配。
（刘国梁 审校）
RespirPhysiolNeurobiol.2014Apr4.pii:S1569-9048(14)00097-4.doi:10.1016/j.resp.2014.03.013. [Epub ahead of print]
Breathing hot humid air induces airway irritation and cough in patients with allergic rhinitis.
Khosravi M1, Collins PB2, Lin RL3, Hayes Jr D4, Smith JA5, Lee LY6.
ABSTRACT
We studied the respiratory responses to an increase in airway temperature in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Responses to isocapnic hyperventilation (40% of maximal voluntary ventilation) for 4minutes of humidified hot air (HA; 49°C) and room air (RA: 21°C) were compared between AR patients (n=7) and healthy subjects (n=6). In AR patients, cough frequency increased pronouncedly from 0.10±0.07 before to 2.37±0.73 during, and 1.80±0.79 coughs/min for the first 8minutes after the HA challenge, but not during the RA challenge. In contrast, neither HA nor RA had any significant tussive effect in healthy subjects. The HA challenge also caused respiratory discomfort (mainly throat irritation) measured by the handgrip dynamometry in AR patients, but not in healthy subjects. Bronchoconstriction was not detected after the HA challenge in either group of subjects. In conclusion, hyperventilation of HA triggered vigorous cough response and throat irritation in AR patients, indicating the involvement of sensory nerves innervating upper airways.
RespirPhysiolNeurobiol.2014Apr4.pii:S1569-9048(14)00097-4.doi:10.1016/j.resp.2014.03.013. [Epub ahead of print]
