环境臭氧和PM2.5水平与哮喘急诊就诊的关系：性别和种族的影响
2012/07/05
摘要
对空气污染和哮喘急诊就诊（ED）相互关系的研究，有助于评价城市人群哮喘发作的环境风险。本研究入选2002年～2005年宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡市6979名出院诊断为哮喘的患者，急诊就诊次数在1～6次。采用病例交叉方法，对个体特异性协变量（如性别和种族）进行控制。结果显示，第2日1 h最大臭氧水平每增加10 ppb，哮喘ED接诊增加2.5%（OR：1.025，P<0.05）。空气动力学直径≤2.5 μm的微粒（PM2.5）对总人群暴露后第1天（1.036，P<0.05）、非洲裔美国人暴露后第1、2和3天的哮喘急诊就诊有影响。PM2.5单独对美国白人ED就诊无影响。环境对不同种族人群哮喘急诊就诊影响存在差异，反应了居住特征、环境空气污染暴露或者污染物对不同种族影响存在差异。
（苏楠 审校）
Arch Environ Occup Health. 2012;67(2):103-8.
Arch Environ Occup Health. 2012;67(2):103-8.
Source
a Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA.
Abstract
An investigation of the relationship of air pollution and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma was an opportunity to assess environmental risks for asthma exacerbations in an urban population. A total of 6,979 individuals with a primary discharge diagnosis of asthma presented to 1 of 6 EDs in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, area between 2002 and 2005. Using a case-crossover methodology, which controls for the effects of subject-specific covariates such as gender and race, a 2.5% increase was observed in asthma ED visits for each 10 ppb increase in the 1-hour maximum ozone level on day 2 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.025, p < .05). Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM(2.5)) had an effect both on the total population on day 1 after exposure (1.036, p < .05), and on African Americans on days 1, 2, and 3. PM(2.5) had no significant effect on Caucasian Americans alone. The disparity in risk estimates by race may reflect differences in residential characteristics, exposure to ambient air pollution, or a differential effect of pollution by race.
Arch Environ Occup Health. 2012;67(2):103-8.
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