炼油厂污染物暴露儿童的哮喘症状、肺功能、氧化应激标志物和炎症
2011/03/28
摘要
目的：有关炼油厂排放物暴露对儿童呼吸道健康的影响了解较少。本试验在石化污染区域（撒丁岛萨罗奇）及对照区域（Burcei）的哮喘/喘息和非哮喘/喘息儿童和青少年中，评价其肺功能、炎症标记物和氧化应激的水平。
方法：萨罗奇地区6～14岁275名哮喘/300名喘息儿童的家长和Burcei 地区的214名哮喘/323名喘息儿童家长完成有关呼吸道症状及其危险因素的问卷调查。在萨罗奇地区，有27名哮喘和23名喘息患者，Burcei 地区有7名哮喘患者和54名喘息患者，检测第一秒用力呼气体积（FEV1）和25-75%肺活量时的用力呼气流速(FEF25-75)；在萨罗奇地区，27名哮喘患者和24名喘息患者，Burcei 地区有8名哮喘患者和55名喘息患者，检测呼出气一氧化氮分数(FENO)。在12～14岁青少年中检测鼻粘膜丙二醛-脱氧鸟苷(MDA-dG)（萨罗奇地区8名哮喘患者和14名喘息患者，Burcei地区20名哮喘患者和28名喘息患者）。在肺功能、FENO及MDA-dG检测前1周开始，对空气污染物进行评价，持续3周。采用广义线性模型评价经混杂因素校正后的居住区域的影响。
结果：每周二氧化硫的平均浓度为6.9-61.6μg/m3（萨罗奇）和0.3-7.6μg/m3（Burcei），两个地区的二氧化氮水平分别为5.2-28.7μg/m3和 1.7-5.3μg/m3，苯浓度分别为1.8-9.0μg/m3和1.3-1.5μg/m3。与Burcei地区儿童相比，萨罗奇地区儿童的喘息症状增加（校正后患病率=1.70，90%CI=1.01; 2.86），肺功能下降（FEV1变异=-10.3%，90% CI=-15.0; -6.0%；FEF25-75=-12.9%，90% CI=-20.7; -4.3%），支气管炎症增加（FENO变异=+35%，90% CI=11.7; 80.1%）和MDA-dG增加（+83%，90% CI=22.9，174.1%）。
结论：此项小样本研究结果显示，环境污染物对肺功能和气道炎症产生影响。
（苏楠 审校）
J Asthma. 2011 Feb;48(1):84-90. Epub 2010 Dec 29.
Asthma symptoms, lung function, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in children exposed to oil refinery pollution.
Rusconi F, Catelan D, Accetta G, Peluso M, Pistelli R, Barbone F, Di Felice E, Munnia A, Murgia P, Paladini L, Serci A, Biggeri A.
Unit of Epidemiology, "Anna Meyer" Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
Abstract
Objectives. Little is known about the effects of exposure to petroleum refinery emissions on respiratory health in children. We evaluated lung function and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in children and adolescents with and without asthma or wheezing symptoms living in a petrochemical polluted area (Sarroch, Sardinia) versus a reference area (Burcei).
Methods. Parents of 275/300 6- to 14-year-old children living in Sarroch and parents of 214/323 children living in Burcei answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and risk factors. Measurements of forced expiratory volume after 1 second (FEV(1)) and of forced expiratory flow rates at 25-75% of vital capacity (FEF(25-75)) were available in 27 and 23 asthma/wheezing-positive subjects and in 7 and 54 asthma/wheezing-negative subjects in Sarroch and in Burcei, respectively; for fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) corresponding figures were 27 and 24 and 8 and 55 in Sarroch and in Burcei, respectively. Malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine (MDA-dG) adduct levels in nasal mucosa were measured in 12- to 14-year-old adolescents (8 and 14 asthma/wheezing-positive and 20 and 28 asthma/wheezing-negative subjects in Sarroch and in Burcei, respectively). Air pollutants were assessed during 3 weeks, starting 1 week before lung function, FE(NO), and MDA-dG measurements. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the effect of the area of residence adjusting for confounders. Results. Weekly average concentrations of sulfur dioxide were 6.9-61.6μg/m(3) in Sarroch versus 0.3-7.6μg/m(3) in the rural area of Burcei; of nitrogen dioxide, 5.2-28.7μg/m(3) versus 1.7-5.3μg/m(3); and of benzene, 1.8-9.0μg/m(3) versus 1.3-1.5μg/m(3), respectively. Children living in Sarroch versus children living in the reference area showed an increase in wheezing symptoms {adjusted prevalence ratio=1.70 [90% confidence interval (CI)=1.01; 2.86]}; a decrease in lung function [variation in FEV(1)=-10.3% (90% CI=-15.0; -6.0%) and in FEF(25-75)=-12.9% (90% CI=-20.7; -4.3%)]; an increase in bronchial inflammation [variation in FE(NO)=+35% (90% CI=11.7; 80.1%)]; and an increase in MDA-dG adducts of +83% (90% CI=22.9; 174.1%).
Conclusions. Data from this small study are consistent with the role of environmental pollutants on lung function and inflammation.
J Asthma. 2011 Feb;48(1):84-90.
目的：有关炼油厂排放物暴露对儿童呼吸道健康的影响了解较少。本试验在石化污染区域（撒丁岛萨罗奇）及对照区域（Burcei）的哮喘/喘息和非哮喘/喘息儿童和青少年中，评价其肺功能、炎症标记物和氧化应激的水平。
方法：萨罗奇地区6～14岁275名哮喘/300名喘息儿童的家长和Burcei 地区的214名哮喘/323名喘息儿童家长完成有关呼吸道症状及其危险因素的问卷调查。在萨罗奇地区，有27名哮喘和23名喘息患者，Burcei 地区有7名哮喘患者和54名喘息患者，检测第一秒用力呼气体积（FEV1）和25-75%肺活量时的用力呼气流速(FEF25-75)；在萨罗奇地区，27名哮喘患者和24名喘息患者，Burcei 地区有8名哮喘患者和55名喘息患者，检测呼出气一氧化氮分数(FENO)。在12～14岁青少年中检测鼻粘膜丙二醛-脱氧鸟苷(MDA-dG)（萨罗奇地区8名哮喘患者和14名喘息患者，Burcei地区20名哮喘患者和28名喘息患者）。在肺功能、FENO及MDA-dG检测前1周开始，对空气污染物进行评价，持续3周。采用广义线性模型评价经混杂因素校正后的居住区域的影响。
结果：每周二氧化硫的平均浓度为6.9-61.6μg/m3（萨罗奇）和0.3-7.6μg/m3（Burcei），两个地区的二氧化氮水平分别为5.2-28.7μg/m3和 1.7-5.3μg/m3，苯浓度分别为1.8-9.0μg/m3和1.3-1.5μg/m3。与Burcei地区儿童相比，萨罗奇地区儿童的喘息症状增加（校正后患病率=1.70，90%CI=1.01; 2.86），肺功能下降（FEV1变异=-10.3%，90% CI=-15.0; -6.0%；FEF25-75=-12.9%，90% CI=-20.7; -4.3%），支气管炎症增加（FENO变异=+35%，90% CI=11.7; 80.1%）和MDA-dG增加（+83%，90% CI=22.9，174.1%）。
结论：此项小样本研究结果显示，环境污染物对肺功能和气道炎症产生影响。
（苏楠 审校）
J Asthma. 2011 Feb;48(1):84-90. Epub 2010 Dec 29.
Asthma symptoms, lung function, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in children exposed to oil refinery pollution.
Rusconi F, Catelan D, Accetta G, Peluso M, Pistelli R, Barbone F, Di Felice E, Munnia A, Murgia P, Paladini L, Serci A, Biggeri A.
Unit of Epidemiology, "Anna Meyer" Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
Abstract
Objectives. Little is known about the effects of exposure to petroleum refinery emissions on respiratory health in children. We evaluated lung function and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in children and adolescents with and without asthma or wheezing symptoms living in a petrochemical polluted area (Sarroch, Sardinia) versus a reference area (Burcei).
Methods. Parents of 275/300 6- to 14-year-old children living in Sarroch and parents of 214/323 children living in Burcei answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and risk factors. Measurements of forced expiratory volume after 1 second (FEV(1)) and of forced expiratory flow rates at 25-75% of vital capacity (FEF(25-75)) were available in 27 and 23 asthma/wheezing-positive subjects and in 7 and 54 asthma/wheezing-negative subjects in Sarroch and in Burcei, respectively; for fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) corresponding figures were 27 and 24 and 8 and 55 in Sarroch and in Burcei, respectively. Malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine (MDA-dG) adduct levels in nasal mucosa were measured in 12- to 14-year-old adolescents (8 and 14 asthma/wheezing-positive and 20 and 28 asthma/wheezing-negative subjects in Sarroch and in Burcei, respectively). Air pollutants were assessed during 3 weeks, starting 1 week before lung function, FE(NO), and MDA-dG measurements. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the effect of the area of residence adjusting for confounders. Results. Weekly average concentrations of sulfur dioxide were 6.9-61.6μg/m(3) in Sarroch versus 0.3-7.6μg/m(3) in the rural area of Burcei; of nitrogen dioxide, 5.2-28.7μg/m(3) versus 1.7-5.3μg/m(3); and of benzene, 1.8-9.0μg/m(3) versus 1.3-1.5μg/m(3), respectively. Children living in Sarroch versus children living in the reference area showed an increase in wheezing symptoms {adjusted prevalence ratio=1.70 [90% confidence interval (CI)=1.01; 2.86]}; a decrease in lung function [variation in FEV(1)=-10.3% (90% CI=-15.0; -6.0%) and in FEF(25-75)=-12.9% (90% CI=-20.7; -4.3%)]; an increase in bronchial inflammation [variation in FE(NO)=+35% (90% CI=11.7; 80.1%)]; and an increase in MDA-dG adducts of +83% (90% CI=22.9; 174.1%).
Conclusions. Data from this small study are consistent with the role of environmental pollutants on lung function and inflammation.
J Asthma. 2011 Feb;48(1):84-90.
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美国国立卫生研究院/美国国家心脏,肺和血液研究所进行的严重哮喘研究项目，通过聚类分析，证实儿童严重哮
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