犬类过敏原与内毒素对肺功能及哮喘的保护作用
2026/04/02
摘要
背景：儿童哮喘以肺功能异常与气道炎症为特征，其发病被认为源于复杂的基因 - 环境相互作用，尤其是与过敏原的相互作用。但既往研究关于过敏原暴露与哮喘的关联结果并不一致。目的：探讨婴儿期室内过敏原暴露与后续哮喘发生、肺功能指标的纵向关联，以及遗传因素对该关联的潜在修饰作用。
方法：本研究使用加拿大健康婴儿纵向发育（CHILD）研究的亚队列数据，纳入完成粉尘样本检测（含犬类过敏原 Can f 1、猫类过敏原 Fel d 1 及内毒素）、且有医生确诊哮喘记录或肺功能检查数据的儿童。分析 3 月龄时粉尘中过敏原水平与 5 岁时哮喘发生的关系，以及与 5 岁时肺功能指标的关系；同时采用肺功能多基因评分（PGS）评估遗传因素的潜在修饰作用。
结果：1050 名具备粉尘样本的儿童中，6.6% 在 5 岁时确诊哮喘。经多变量校正模型分析显示，高水平 Can f 1 暴露可显著降低哮喘发生风险（比值比 = 0.52，95% 置信区间：0.25~0.98）。无论是否发生哮喘，高水平 Can f 1 暴露儿童的第一秒用力呼气容积标准化评分（FEV1z）均显著更高（β=0.23，95% 置信区间：0.06~0.40）。基因 - 环境交互分析显示，Can f 1 与肺功能多基因评分的交互作用对肺功能存在显著影响，且该效应与哮喘患病状态无关。
结论：在普通人群出生队列中，生命早期高水平犬类过敏原 Can f 1 暴露与 5 岁时肺功能改善、哮喘发病风险降低相关。此外，高水平 Can f 1 暴露可能对低肺功能多基因评分个体的肺功能起到调节作用。
Protective effects of dog allergen and endotoxin for lung function and asthma
Nanishi M, Reyna ME, Pajdakovska M,et al.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Childhood asthma is characterized by altered lung function and airway inflammation that is thought to result from complex gene-environment interactions, especially with allergens. However, previous studies have shown inconsistent associations between allergen exposure and asthma.
OBJECTIVES:
We aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between indoor allergen exposure during infancy with subsequent asthma and spirometry and the potential effect modification by genetic factors.
METHODS:
Data from a subcohort of the CHILD (Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development) study with analyzed dust samples (including Canis familiaris 1 [dog], Felinus domesticus 1 [cat], and endotoxin) and physician-diagnosed asthma or spirometry data were used to examine the relationships between allergen levels in dust analytes at age 3 months and asthma and, separately, spirometry data at age 5 years, including potential effect modification by genetic factors obtained by using lung function polygenic scores (PGSs).
RESULTS:
Of 1050 children with dust samples, 6.6% developed asthma by age 5 years. In an adjusted multivariable model, higher Can f 1 level significantly decreased the risk of asthma (odds ratio = 0.52 [95% CI = 0.25-0.98]). Independently, children exposed to high levels of Can f 1 had significantly higher FEV1z scores (β = 0.23 [95% CI = 0.06-0.40]), regardless of asthma status. In the gene-environment analyses, there were significant effects of gene-environment interactions in the relationship between Can f 1 and PGS on lung function, independent of asthma status.
CONCLUSIONS:
In a general population birth cohort, early-life exposure to high levels of Can f 1 was associated with improved lung function and protection against asthma at age 5 years. Furthermore, exposure to high levels of Can f 1 may modulate lung function in individuals with low PGSs.cterizing immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization profiles linked to allergic phenotypes.
背景：儿童哮喘以肺功能异常与气道炎症为特征，其发病被认为源于复杂的基因 - 环境相互作用，尤其是与过敏原的相互作用。但既往研究关于过敏原暴露与哮喘的关联结果并不一致。目的：探讨婴儿期室内过敏原暴露与后续哮喘发生、肺功能指标的纵向关联，以及遗传因素对该关联的潜在修饰作用。
方法：本研究使用加拿大健康婴儿纵向发育（CHILD）研究的亚队列数据，纳入完成粉尘样本检测（含犬类过敏原 Can f 1、猫类过敏原 Fel d 1 及内毒素）、且有医生确诊哮喘记录或肺功能检查数据的儿童。分析 3 月龄时粉尘中过敏原水平与 5 岁时哮喘发生的关系，以及与 5 岁时肺功能指标的关系；同时采用肺功能多基因评分（PGS）评估遗传因素的潜在修饰作用。
结果：1050 名具备粉尘样本的儿童中，6.6% 在 5 岁时确诊哮喘。经多变量校正模型分析显示，高水平 Can f 1 暴露可显著降低哮喘发生风险（比值比 = 0.52，95% 置信区间：0.25~0.98）。无论是否发生哮喘，高水平 Can f 1 暴露儿童的第一秒用力呼气容积标准化评分（FEV1z）均显著更高（β=0.23，95% 置信区间：0.06~0.40）。基因 - 环境交互分析显示，Can f 1 与肺功能多基因评分的交互作用对肺功能存在显著影响，且该效应与哮喘患病状态无关。
结论：在普通人群出生队列中，生命早期高水平犬类过敏原 Can f 1 暴露与 5 岁时肺功能改善、哮喘发病风险降低相关。此外，高水平 Can f 1 暴露可能对低肺功能多基因评分个体的肺功能起到调节作用。
（中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科 李春晓 摘译 林江涛 审校）
（J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2026 Feb 23:S0091-6749(26)00113-2.DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2026.02.016.）
（J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2026 Feb 23:S0091-6749(26)00113-2.DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2026.02.016.）
Protective effects of dog allergen and endotoxin for lung function and asthma
Nanishi M, Reyna ME, Pajdakovska M,et al.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Childhood asthma is characterized by altered lung function and airway inflammation that is thought to result from complex gene-environment interactions, especially with allergens. However, previous studies have shown inconsistent associations between allergen exposure and asthma.
OBJECTIVES:
We aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between indoor allergen exposure during infancy with subsequent asthma and spirometry and the potential effect modification by genetic factors.
METHODS:
Data from a subcohort of the CHILD (Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development) study with analyzed dust samples (including Canis familiaris 1 [dog], Felinus domesticus 1 [cat], and endotoxin) and physician-diagnosed asthma or spirometry data were used to examine the relationships between allergen levels in dust analytes at age 3 months and asthma and, separately, spirometry data at age 5 years, including potential effect modification by genetic factors obtained by using lung function polygenic scores (PGSs).
RESULTS:
Of 1050 children with dust samples, 6.6% developed asthma by age 5 years. In an adjusted multivariable model, higher Can f 1 level significantly decreased the risk of asthma (odds ratio = 0.52 [95% CI = 0.25-0.98]). Independently, children exposed to high levels of Can f 1 had significantly higher FEV1z scores (β = 0.23 [95% CI = 0.06-0.40]), regardless of asthma status. In the gene-environment analyses, there were significant effects of gene-environment interactions in the relationship between Can f 1 and PGS on lung function, independent of asthma status.
CONCLUSIONS:
In a general population birth cohort, early-life exposure to high levels of Can f 1 was associated with improved lung function and protection against asthma at age 5 years. Furthermore, exposure to high levels of Can f 1 may modulate lung function in individuals with low PGSs.cterizing immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization profiles linked to allergic phenotypes.
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