战争与哮喘:心理创伤超越环境暴露成为哮喘风险的主要驱动因素——一项EAACI工作组报告
2026/03/10
背景:战争事件往往在冲突结束后仍持续影响人群健康,其中哮喘患病率的攀升被认为是环境危害与心理创伤共同作用的结果。
方法:为系统评估战争与哮喘风险之间的关联,本研究采用Meta分析方法,整合了涵盖职业特性、环境因素及心理创伤等多维度的战时暴露数据。研究团队在MEDLINE、Scopus和Cochrane数据库中系统检索了考察战争相关暴露与哮喘关联的文献。最终共纳入48项研究,包含90个独立效应指标进行模型拟合。
结论:分析显示,战争相关创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)与哮喘结局的关联最为显著,相当于风险升高约125%(OR = 2.25,95% CI = 1.04-4.89)。其次为经历至少一次危及生命的事件(OR = 1.96,95% CI = 1.18-3.26),再次为抑郁症(OR = 1.56,95% CI = 1.02-2.37)。环境暴露在亚组分析中亦与哮喘风险上升相关(OR = 1.64,95% CI = 1.32-2.04),但在纳入心理变量后,其独立效应显著减弱,提示心理创伤可能是战争相关哮喘更核心的驱动因素。本研究结果表明,战争可显著提升哮喘患病率及相关临床结局,总体风险增加约52%(OR = 1.52,95% CI = 1.32-1.75)。
意义:对于曾经历战争心理创伤的个体,综合管理哮喘症状、肺功能及心理健康尤为重要。该研究不仅揭示了战争影响呼吸健康的内在机制,也为针对冲突暴露人群制定早期预防、风险预测和综合干预策略提供了重要依据。
文献质量评估采用有效公共卫生实践项目(EPHPP)工具衡量偏倚风险。本研究已在PROSPERO平台注册,注册号:CRD42023444101。
关键词:环境暴露;战争相关暴露;动能战争;空气污染;创伤后应激障碍;心理创伤。
(Cavaleiro Rufo J, Paciência I, Jutel M, et al. The Impact of War on Asthma, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: An EAACI Task Force Report. Allergy. 2026;81(1):69-83. doi:10.1111/all.70038)
Abstract
Wartime events have been followed by an increase in asthma prevalence, which is believed to result from a combination of environmental hazards and psychological trauma. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate this relationship by pooling available data on various wartime exposures, such as occupational, environmental, and psychological factors. MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles that measure the effect of war-related exposures on asthma. Risk of bias was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. The retrieved effects were then used to fit meta-analytical models. A total of 48 studies, corresponding to 90 effect measures, were included. Although environmental exposures were also associated with an increased asthma risk in subgroup analysis (1.64 [1.32, 2.04]), this effect was mitigated when psychological variables were included in the models. The study's results show that wartime events and conflicts may increase asthma prevalence and outcomes associated with asthma. The management of asthma symptoms, lung function, and mental health seems fundamental in individuals who have experienced psychological trauma in war zones. Trial Registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023444101.Keywords: environment; exposure; kinetic warfare; pollution; post‐traumatic stress disorder; trauma.
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母乳喂养可降低直至青年期的哮喘发病及IgE致敏风险:瑞典BAMSE队列近4000人纵向研究
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性别不影响临床风险因素和2型生物标志物对哮喘急性发作的预测价值









