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慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉及共存哮喘患者中度普利尤单抗与奥马珠单抗的对比研究(EVEREST):一项多中心、随机、双盲、头对

2025/12/29

    摘要
    背景:慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)主要由2型炎症驱动。生物制剂度普利尤单抗和奥马珠单抗分别靶向2型炎症的驱动因子和介质(即白细胞介素-4/白细胞介素-13信号通路和免疫球蛋白E),在治疗CRSwNP方面有效,但直接比较研究较少。在EVEREST(度普利尤单抗与奥马珠单抗治疗反应评估)试验中,作为呼吸道生物制剂领域的首个头对头试验,我们旨在比较度普利尤单抗和奥马珠单抗在伴有轻度、中度或重度哮喘的重度CRSwNP患者中的疗效和安全性。
    方法:EVEREST是一项国际性、随机、双盲、4期试验,在17个国家的100家医院或临床中心进行。研究地点选自具备耳鼻喉科、呼吸科、过敏科和免疫科实践的机构;需曾开展过双盲研究;且必须配备鼻内窥镜和心电图机。符合条件的患者年龄≥18岁,患有重度未控制的CRSwNP(鼻息肉评分≥5分[且每个鼻孔≥2分]),在筛选前至少有8周的鼻塞和嗅觉丧失症状,并有医生确诊的哮喘。患者按1:1比例随机分配至度普利尤单抗组(每2周皮下注射300 mg)或奥马珠单抗组(根据体重和IgE水平分层给药,每2周或4周一次),持续24周,同时使用背景治疗莫米松糠酸酯鼻喷雾剂。患者和研究者对研究药物设盲。主要终点为第24周时内镜下鼻息肉评分和宾夕法尼亚大学嗅觉识别测试(UPSIT)相对于基线的变化。疗效分析基于意向治疗人群,安全性分析基于至少接受一剂研究药物的患者。试验已在ClinicalTrials.gov注册(注册号:NCT04998604)。
    结果:2021年9月27日至2024年12月27日期间,共筛查819名受试者,459名被排除(最常见排除原因:167名不符合鼻息肉评分≥5分或无持续鼻塞和嗅觉丧失症状,114名不符合支气管扩张剂前FEV1≤85%预测正常值,99名不符合奥马珠单抗给药标准),最终360名参与者被随机分配(度普利尤单抗组181名,奥马珠单抗组179名)。360名参与者中,男性198名(55%),女性162名(45%),总人群平均年龄52岁(标准差13.1)。第24周时,度普利尤单抗在所有主要和次要疗效终点上的改善均显著优于奥马珠单抗。度普利尤单抗相较于奥马珠单抗的基线变化最小二乘均值差异为:鼻息肉评分-1.60(95%置信区间-1.96至-1.25;p<0.0001),UPSIT评分8.0(6.3至9.7;p<0.0001)。度普利尤单抗组179名参与者中115名(64%)、奥马珠单抗组173名参与者中116名(67%)报告了治疗中出现的不良事件,最常见包括鼻咽炎、意外过量、头痛、上呼吸道感染和咳嗽。研究中无死亡事件。
    结论:在伴有哮喘的重度CRSwNP患者中,度普利尤单抗疗效优于奥马珠单抗。这些结果支持度普利尤单抗在2型呼吸道疾病中的优势(相较于活性生物制剂对照),验证了两种药物已知的安全性特征,并有望为临床实践中CRSwNP合并哮喘患者的个体化治疗提供指导。
(中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科 李春晓 摘译 林江涛 审校)
(Lancet Respir Med. 2025 Dec;13(12):1067-1077.DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(25)00287-5.)

Dupilumab versus omalizumab in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and coexisting asthma (EVEREST): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, head-to-head phase 4 trial
De Corso E, Canonica GW, Heffler E,et al.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is predominantly driven by type 2 inflammation. The biologics dupilumab and omalizumab, which target drivers and mediators of type 2 inflammation (interleukin [IL]-4/IL-13 signaling and immunoglobulin E [IgE], respectively), are efficacious in treating CRSwNP but direct comparisons are few. In EVEREST (EValuating trEatment RESponses of dupilumab versus omalizumab), the first head-to-head trial in respiratory biologics, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of dupilumab and omalizumab in patients with severe CRSwNP who had mild, moderate, or severe asthma.
METHODS:
EVEREST was an international, randomised, double-blind, phase 4 trial, conducted at 100 hospitals or clinical centres in 17 countries. Sites were selected with otolaryngology, pneumologist, allergist, and immunologist practices; needed to have previously conducted double-blind studies; and were required have nasal endoscopy and electrocardiogram machines. Eligible patients aged 18 years or older with severe uncontrolled CRSwNP (with a nasal polyp score of 5 or more [and ≥2 for each nostril]), symptoms of nasal congestion and loss of smell for at least 8 weeks before screening, and physician-diagnosed asthma. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to subcutaneous dupilumab 300 mg every 2 weeks or omalizumab weight-tiered and IgE-tiered dosing every 2 weeks or 4 weeks for 24 weeks, with background mometasone furoate nasal spray. Patients and investigators were masked to the study drugs. Primary endpoints were change from baseline in endoscopic nasal polyp score and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) at 24 weeks. Efficacy was assessed in the intention-to-treat population and safety was assessed in patients who received at least one dose of study medication. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04998604.
RESULTS:  
Between Sept 27, 2021, and Dec 27, 2024, 819 individuals were screened for study inclusion, 459 were excluded (most common screen failures were: 167 did not meet nasal polyp score ≥5 or did not have ongoing symptoms of nasal congestion and loss of smell, 114 did not meet pre-bronchodilator FEV1 ≤85% predicted normal, and 99 did not meet eligibility as per omalizumab drug-dosing), and 360 participants were randomly assigned (181 assigned to the dupilumab group and 179 assigned to the omalizumab group). Of the 360 participants, 198 (55%) participants were male, 162 (45%) were female, and the mean age of the total population sample was 52 years (SD 13·1). Improvements were significantly greater with dupilumab than omalizumab for all primary and secondary efficacy endpoints at week 24. Least squares mean differences in change from baseline dupilumab over omalizumab were: nasal polyp score -1·60 (95% CI -1·96 to -1·25; p<0·0001) and UPSIT 8·0 (6·3 to 9·7; p<0·0001). 115 (64%) of 179 participants in the dupilumab group and 116 (67%) of 173 participants in the omalizumab group reported treatment-emergent adverse events, the most common of which were nasopharyngitis, accidental overdose, headache, upper respiratory tract infection, and cough. There were no deaths in the study.
CONCLUSION:
Dupilumab was superior to omalizumab in patients with severe CRSwNP and coexisting asthma. These findings support the efficacy of dupilumab in patients with type 2 respiratory diseases versus an active biologic comparator, the known safety profiles of dupilumab and omalizumab, and could enable better treatment targeting for patients with CRSwNP and asthma in clinical practice.


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