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美泊利单抗治疗重度哮喘呈现三种反应模式,临床缓解率存在显著差异

2025/10/27

    背景和目的重度嗜酸性粒细胞性哮喘患者疾病负担高,可从美泊利单抗治疗中获益,表现为症状改善以及减少恶化,其中部分患者有望达到临床缓解。本研究旨在识别重度嗜酸性粒细胞性哮喘对美泊利单抗的治疗反应轨迹,并评估临床缓解的达成情况。
    方法:利用澳大利亚美泊利单抗登记库数据,评估治疗后3、6与12个月时的治疗反应。采用基于群组的轨迹模型识别治疗反应轨迹。比较各轨迹在12个月时达到临床缓解的比例(定义为症状良好控制、无恶化、且未使用口服糖皮质激素进行哮喘管理),并通过逻辑回归分析鉴别与轨迹分配相关的基线预测因素。
    结果:共识别三类轨迹:第1组“反应良好且口服激素用量较少”(n=170);第2组“反应良好的晚发型哮喘”(n=58);第3组“气道阻塞且反应较差”(n=70)。第1组与第2组达到临床缓解的比例较高,分别为36.5%与25.9%,显著高于第3组的5.7%(p<0.001)。分配至不同组别的基线预测因素包括:以第3组为参照,第1组为较低的口服激素剂量;第2组为较高的第一秒用力呼气量(FEV₁)预计百分比、更高的哮喘生活质量问卷评分、更高的口服激素剂量以及鼻息肉病史。
    结论:重度嗜酸性粒细胞性哮喘对美泊利单抗的治疗反应呈现三种轨迹,不同轨迹在临床缓解达成率与基线特征方面存在差异。治疗反应的异质性可能影响美泊利单抗疗法实现临床缓解的可能性。
    关键词:美泊利单抗,重度嗜酸性粒细胞性哮喘,临床缓解,治疗反应轨迹
(南方医科大学南方医院 黄海伦 龚钊乾 赵海金)
(Hamada Y, Thomas D, Harvey E S, et al. Distinct trajectories of treatment response to mepolizumab toward remission in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma[J]. European Respiratory Journal, 2025, 65(1): 2400782. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00782-2024.)
 
 
Abstract
Background: Patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, characterised by a high disease burden, benefit from mepolizumab, which improves symptoms and reduces exacerbations, potentially leading to clinical remission in a subgroup. This study aimed to identify treatment response trajectories to mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma and to assess the achievement of clinical remission.
Methods: Data from the Australian Mepolizumab Registry were used to assess treatment responses at 3, 6 and 12 months. The treatment response trajectories were identified using a group-based trajectory model. The proportions achieving clinical remission at 12 months, which was defined as well-controlled symptoms, no exacerbations and no oral corticosteroid (OCS) use for asthma management, were compared between trajectories, and baseline predictors of the trajectories were identified using logistic regression analysis.
Results:We identified three trajectory groups: Group 1, “Responsive asthma with less OCS use” (n=170); Group 2, “Responsive late-onset asthma” (n=58); and Group 3, “Obstructed and less responsive asthma” (n=70). Groups 1 and 2 demonstrated higher proportions achieving clinical remission at 36.5% and 25.9%, respectively, compared to Group 3 with 5.7% (p<0.001). Baseline predictors for assigned groups included lower OCS dose in Group 1; greater forced expiratory volume in 1 s percentage predicted, higher Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire score, higher OCS dose and nasal polyps in Group 2; with Group 3 as the reference.
Conclusion:Treatment response to mepolizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma follows three trajectories with varying proportions achieving clinical remission and differing baseline characteristics. Treatment response variability may influence the achievement of clinical remission with mepolizumab therapy.
Key words: Mepolizumab, severe eosinophilic asthma, clinical remission, treatment response trajectories


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