在瑞士的成年人中，鼻炎与哮喘和早期生活因素有关，但不是二手烟或肥胖
2016/06/20
摘要
背景：吸二手烟草（SHS）和超重/肥胖是哮喘和下呼吸道呼吸症状的的危险因素。我们研究吸二手烟或超重/肥胖是否也与患过敏或非过敏性鼻炎有关。
方法：在第二轮SAPALDIA研究中获得了横截面数据。在瑞士的8个社区的8047名受试者完成了面对面的问卷调查。对5841人进行了采血，用于检测过敏原特异性IgE。过敏性鼻炎定义为有鼻部症状且IgE升高 。数据进行多项式回归分析，根据存在或不存在鼻炎和/或过敏，将结果分成四类。
结果：过敏性鼻炎的患病人数为885（15.2%），非过敏性鼻炎患者为323人（5.5%）。医生诊断为哮喘的患者（相对风险比6.81；95% CI 5.39，8.6）、母亲有过敏症的患者（1.56；1.27，1.92）和父亲有过敏症的患者（1.41；1.11，1.79）他们患过敏性鼻炎的风险增加。年长者的患者（0.96；0.95，0.97每年）、那些在农场长大的（0.64；0.49,0.84）、有哥哥或者姐姐的（0.92；0.86, 0.97每个）或来自农村的患者他们患过敏性鼻炎的风险更低。医生诊断为哮喘的受试者患非过敏性鼻炎的风险也增加了（4.02；2.86，5.67），但在男性中风险减少（0.59；0.46，0.77），但与是否在农场长大或是否有哥哥姐姐无关。吸二手烟或超重/肥胖与任何形式的鼻炎都没有显著相关。
结论：除开哮喘不谈，过敏和非过敏性鼻炎有不同的危险因素。在瑞士，这些因素有显著的区域差异性，这一点无法用所选的因素进行解释。
（杨冬 审校）
Allergol Int. 2016 Apr;65(2):192-8. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.11.004. Epub 2015 Dec 25.
Rhinitis in Swiss adults is associated with asthma and early life factors, but not second hand tobacco smoke or obesity.
Abramson MJ1, Schindler C2, Schikowski T3, Bircher AJ4, Burdet L5, Gerbase MW6, Imboden M2, Rochat T6, Schmid-Grendelmeier P7, Turk AJ8, Zemp E2,Künzli N2, Probst-Hensch N2.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND:Second hand tobacco smoke (SHS) and overweight/obesity are risk factors for asthma and lower airway respiratory symptoms. We investigated whether SHS or overweight/obesity were also associated with allergic or non-allergic rhinitis.
METHODS:Cross-sectional data were obtained during the second SAPALDIA Study. Interviewer administered questionnaires were completed by 8047 participants from 8 communities in Switzerland. Blood was collected from 5841 participants and tested for allergen specific IgE. Allergic rhinitis was defined as nasal symptoms with detectable IgE. Data were analysed by multinomial logistic regression with four outcome categories defined according to the presence or absence of rhinitis and/or atopy.
RESULTS:The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 885 (15.2%) and non-allergic rhinitis 323 (5.5%). The risk of allergic rhinitis was increased in subjects with physician diagnosed asthma (Relative Risk Ratio 6.81; 95%CI 5.39, 8.6), maternal atopy (1.56; 1.27, 1.92) and paternal atopy (1.41; 1.11, 1.79). Older subjects were at lower risk (0.96; 0.95,0.97 per year), as were those raised on a farm (0.64; 0.49,0.84), with older siblings (0.92; 0.86,0.97 per sib) or from rural areas. The risk of non-allergic rhinitis was also increased in subjects with physician diagnosed asthma (4.02; 2.86, 5.67), reduced in males (0.59; 0.46, 0.77), but not associated with upbringing on a farm or older siblings. There were no significant associations of SHS or overweight/obesity with either form of rhinitis.
CONCLUSIONS:Allergic and non-allergic rhinitis have different risk factors apart from asthma. There are significant regional variations within Switzerland, which are not explained by the factors examined.
Allergol Int. 2016 Apr;65(2):192-8. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.11.004. Epub 2015 Dec 25.
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