哮喘患者感染新冠肺炎后病情是否加重的数据主要来自住院患者,样本的代表性不足,且临床上很难区分新冠肺炎症状和哮喘恶化。一项大型英国队列研究(n=17425445,预印本)发现,在调整了年龄、性别和共病后,哮喘患者感染新冠肺炎后的住院死亡风险增加,其中近期口服皮质类固醇者的风险更高(调整后的HR 1.70,95% CI 1.48至1.96)[10]。皮质类固醇的使用本身就是反映哮喘严重程度的指标,因此尚不清楚这类患者死亡率增高是因为哮喘病情的严重性还是与皮质类固醇本身有关。有证据表明,中重度哮喘,特别是那些需要连续或频繁口服激素、接受生物疗法治疗的哮喘,在感染新冠肺炎后病情加重的风险增高。[11]
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